El presente artículo examina el concepto de «apertura» en la investigación científica y su implementación en arqueología para la documentación y gestión del patrimonio. A partir de un análisis del contexto, definiciones y aplicaciones, se delimitan conceptos clave como datos abiertos (open data), acceso abierto (open access) y metodologías abiertas (open methods), y su articulación con los principios FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) y LOUD (Linked Open Usable Data) que promueven la accesibilidad, transparencia, interoperabilidad y reproducibilidad. Asimismo, se abordan las implicaciones éticas y su impacto en la calidad y alcance de las investigaciones. El trabajo culmina con un estudio de caso que propone rutas operativas para implementar este tipo de aproximaciones y mejorar la comunicación y trazabilidad de los procesos de investigación.

Abstract

This paper examines the concept of “openness” in scientific research and its implementation in archaeology for heritage documentation and management. Based on an analysis of the context, definitions, and applications, it defines key concepts such as Open Data, Open Access, and Open Methods and explains how they align with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and LOUD (Linked Open Usable Data) principles, which promote accessibility, transparency, interoperability, and reproducibility. It also addresses the ethical implications and their impact on the quality and scope of research. The article concludes with a case study that proposes operational routes for implementing these approaches and enhancing the communication and traceability of research processes.

Datos abiertos, acceso abierto, principios FAIR y LOUD, arqueología.

Recibido: 15/10/2025. Aceptado: 9/11/2025. Publicado: 16/11/2025.

Laguna-Palma, D. 2025. Sistemas de información web y datos abiertos para la documentación y gestión del patrimonio arqueológico. Arqueología Iberoamericana 56: 165-172.

PURL: purl.org/aia/5618. ARK: ark:49934/395, ark:49934/395.

Agradezco especialmente a Pau de Soto Cañamares (UAB) y Miguel Carrero Pazos (USC), cuyos comentarios y recomendaciones han contribuido a mejorar el manuscrito.

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